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a birthday candle parents have been

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putting them on children's cakes for

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centuries the parents light the wick the

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heat from the flame melts and vaporizes

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the wax which is then burned we expect

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even young kids to be able to blow out

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the candles because those flames are not

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that scary conditions for a larger more

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dangerous fire occurs when you have more

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fuel fresh air and an ignition source

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the larger the fire the greater the

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amount of heat released by the chemical

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reaction and more hazardous the fire is

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depending on the balance between the

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chemical reaction and heat transfer a

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small flame can grow into a very serious

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fire way beyond what you could hope to

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blow out at NASA Glenn we are operating

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an experiment in space called saffire

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that is much larger than anything we've

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ever burned three saffire experiments

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will be completed soon and we are

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building three more to continue to learn

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about material flammability and study

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fire detection monitoring and clean up

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in future NASA missions a fire in a

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spacecraft is one of the most hazardous

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conditions that an astronaut crew might

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face and so we want to learn how it will

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burn so that we can give them the proper

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tools so that they can respond to it

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protect themselves and extinguish it as

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rapidly as possible and saffire one we

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were looking at a single large fuel

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sample and what we learned was the flame

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very rapidly reached a steady size and

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shape and spread rate and it also burned

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a little bit slower than what we were

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anticipating we also saw that it burned

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just as rapidly into the incoming air as

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it did when it was burning with the

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incoming air saffire two has the same

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general shape of the experiment but it

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the samples card has nine samples of

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different materials these materials have

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flammability limits that are at

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different oxygen levels but there are

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also some materials that are used in

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different places on a spacecraft that we

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want to study how they burn since the

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very beginning one of Glenn's strengths

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has been physical sciences in

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microgravity studying how fluid transfer

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combustion is different in

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low gravity than it is in normal gravity and

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so we've really taken that role about

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low gravity science within NASA and led

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that for many years the purpose of this

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work is to protect the crew from any

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fire that may happen on a spacecraft so

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it's very much

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supporting NASA's journey to Mars as

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you can see cygnus lifting off on top of

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its antares rocket on its mission to